//
// ManagedProtection.cs - 
//	Protect (encrypt) data without (user involved) key management
//
// Author:
//	Sebastien Pouliot  <sebastien@ximian.com>
//
// Copyright (C) 2005 Novell, Inc (http://www.novell.com)
//
// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
// a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
// "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
// without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
// distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
// permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
// the following conditions:
// 
// The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
// included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
// 
// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
// EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
// MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
// NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE
// LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION
// OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
// WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
//

using System;
using System.IO;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
using System.Security;
using System.Security.Cryptography;
using System.Security.Permissions;

namespace Mono.Security.Cryptography {

	// Managed Protection Implementation
	//
	// Features
	// * Separate RSA 1536 bits keypairs for each user and the computer
	// * AES 128 bits encryption (separate key for each data protected)
	// * SHA256 digest to ensure integrity


	internal static class ManagedProtection {

// FIXME	[KeyContainerPermission (SecurityAction.Assert, KeyContainerName = "DAPI",
//			Flags = KeyContainerPermissionFlags.Open | KeyContainerPermissionFlags.Create)]
		public static byte[] Protect (byte[] userData, byte[] optionalEntropy, DataProtectionScope scope) 
		{
			if (userData == null)
				throw new ArgumentNullException ("userData");

			Rijndael aes = Rijndael.Create ();
			aes.KeySize = 128;

			byte[] encdata = null;
			using (MemoryStream ms = new MemoryStream ()) {
				ICryptoTransform t = aes.CreateEncryptor ();
				using (CryptoStream cs = new CryptoStream (ms, t, CryptoStreamMode.Write)) {
					cs.Write (userData, 0, userData.Length);
					cs.Close ();
					encdata = ms.ToArray ();
				}
			}

			byte[] key = null;
			byte[] iv = null;
			byte[] secret = null;
			byte[] header = null;
			SHA256 hash = SHA256.Create ();

			try {
				key = aes.Key;
				iv = aes.IV;
				secret = new byte[1 + 1 + 16 + 1 + 16 + 1 + 32];

				byte[] digest = hash.ComputeHash (userData);
				if ((optionalEntropy != null) && (optionalEntropy.Length > 0)) {
					// the same optionalEntropy will be required to get the data back
					byte[] mask = hash.ComputeHash (optionalEntropy);
					for (int i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
						key[i] ^= mask[i];
						iv[i] ^= mask[i + 16];
					}
					secret[0] = 2; // entropy
				} else {
					secret[0] = 1; // without entropy
				}

				secret[1] = 16; // key size
				Buffer.BlockCopy (key, 0, secret, 2, 16);
				secret[18] = 16; // iv size
				Buffer.BlockCopy (iv, 0, secret, 19, 16);
				secret[35] = 32; // digest size
				Buffer.BlockCopy (digest, 0, secret, 36, 32);

				RSAOAEPKeyExchangeFormatter formatter = new RSAOAEPKeyExchangeFormatter (GetKey (scope));
				header = formatter.CreateKeyExchange (secret);
			}
			finally {
				if (key != null) {
					Array.Clear (key, 0, key.Length);
					key = null;
				}
				if (secret != null) {
					Array.Clear (secret, 0, secret.Length);
					secret = null;
				}
				if (iv != null) {
					Array.Clear (iv, 0, iv.Length);
					iv = null;
				}
				aes.Clear ();
				hash.Clear ();
			}

			byte[] result = new byte[header.Length + encdata.Length];
			Buffer.BlockCopy (header, 0, result, 0, header.Length);
			Buffer.BlockCopy (encdata, 0, result, header.Length, encdata.Length);
			return result;
		}

// FIXME	[KeyContainerPermission (SecurityAction.Assert, KeyContainerName = "DAPI",
//			Flags = KeyContainerPermissionFlags.Open | KeyContainerPermissionFlags.Decrypt)]
		public static byte[] Unprotect (byte[] encryptedData, byte[] optionalEntropy, DataProtectionScope scope) 
		{
			if (encryptedData == null)
				throw new ArgumentNullException ("encryptedData");

			byte[] decdata = null;

			Rijndael aes = Rijndael.Create ();
			RSA rsa = GetKey (scope);
			int headerSize = (rsa.KeySize >> 3);
			bool valid1 = (encryptedData.Length >= headerSize);
			if (!valid1)
				headerSize = encryptedData.Length;

			byte[] header = new byte[headerSize];
			Buffer.BlockCopy (encryptedData, 0, header, 0, headerSize);

			byte[] secret = null;
			byte[] key = null;
			byte[] iv = null;
			bool valid2 = false;
			bool valid3 = false;
			bool valid4 = false;
			SHA256 hash = SHA256.Create ();

			try {
				try {
					RSAOAEPKeyExchangeDeformatter deformatter = new RSAOAEPKeyExchangeDeformatter (rsa);
					secret = deformatter.DecryptKeyExchange (header);
					valid2 = (secret.Length == 68);
				}
				catch {
					valid2 = false;
				}

				if (!valid2)
					secret = new byte[68];

				// known values for structure (version 1 or 2)
				valid3 = ((secret[1] == 16) && (secret[18] == 16) && (secret[35] == 32));

				key = new byte [16];
				Buffer.BlockCopy (secret, 2, key, 0, 16);
				iv = new byte [16];
				Buffer.BlockCopy (secret, 19, iv, 0, 16);

				if ((optionalEntropy != null) && (optionalEntropy.Length > 0)) {
					// the decrypted data won't be valid if the entropy isn't
					// the same as the one used to protect (encrypt) it
					byte[] mask = hash.ComputeHash (optionalEntropy);
					for (int i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
						key[i] ^= mask[i];
						iv[i] ^= mask[i + 16];
					}
					valid3 &= (secret[0] == 2);	// with entropy
				} else {
					valid3 &= (secret[0] == 1);	// without entropy
				}

				using (MemoryStream ms = new MemoryStream ()) {
					ICryptoTransform t = aes.CreateDecryptor (key, iv);
					using (CryptoStream cs = new CryptoStream (ms, t, CryptoStreamMode.Write)) {
						try {
							cs.Write (encryptedData, headerSize, encryptedData.Length - headerSize);
							cs.Close ();
						}
						catch {
							// whatever, we keep going
						}
					}
					decdata = ms.ToArray ();
				}

				byte[] digest = hash.ComputeHash (decdata);
				valid4 = true;
				for (int i=0; i < 32; i++) {
					if (digest [i] != secret [36 + i])
						valid4 = false;
				}
			}
			finally {
				if (key != null) {
					Array.Clear (key, 0, key.Length);
					key = null;
				}
				if (secret != null) {
					Array.Clear (secret, 0, secret.Length);
					secret = null;
				}
				if (iv != null) {
					Array.Clear (iv, 0, iv.Length);
					iv = null;
				}
				aes.Clear ();
				hash.Clear ();
			}

			// single point of error (also limits timing informations)
			if (!valid1 || !valid2 || !valid3 || !valid4) {
				if (decdata != null) {
					Array.Clear (decdata, 0, decdata.Length);
					decdata = null;
				}
				throw new CryptographicException (Locale.GetText ("Invalid data."));
			}
			return decdata;
		}

		// private stuff

		private static RSA user;
		private static RSA machine;
		private readonly static object user_lock = new object ();
		private readonly static object machine_lock = new object ();

		private static RSA GetKey (DataProtectionScope scope)
		{
			switch (scope) {
			case DataProtectionScope.CurrentUser:
				if (user == null) {
					lock (user_lock) {
						CspParameters csp = new CspParameters ();
						csp.KeyContainerName = "DAPI";
						user = new RSACryptoServiceProvider (1536, csp);
					}
				}
				return user;
			case DataProtectionScope.LocalMachine:
				if (machine == null) {
					lock (machine_lock) {
						CspParameters csp = new CspParameters ();
						csp.KeyContainerName = "DAPI";
						csp.Flags = CspProviderFlags.UseMachineKeyStore;
						machine = new RSACryptoServiceProvider (1536, csp);
					}
				}
				return machine;
			default:
				throw new CryptographicException (Locale.GetText ("Invalid scope."));
			}
		}
	} 
}
